The accretion of new material during Pluto’s formation may have generated enough heat to create a liquid ocean that has persisted beneath an icy crust to the present day, despite the dwarf planet’s ...

Earth held a deep ocean of magma beneath its surface in its early history, new research finds, potentially explaining odd anomalies seen in the mantle today. This basal magma ocean has been hotly ...

Scientists have shown how the freezing of a ‘slushy’ ocean of magma may be responsible for the composition of the Moon’s crust. The scientists, from the University of Cambridge and the Ecole normale ...

Saturn's moon Mimas harbors a global ocean beneath its icy shell, discovered through analysis of its orbit by Cassini spacecraft data. This ocean formed just 5-15 million years ago, making Mimas a ...

Researchers investigate the effects of oxygen content on the melting of mantle rocks and the formation of early Earth magma It is widely accepted that the early Earth largely consisted of molten magma ...

In the dry, sun-scorched deserts of Ethiopia, a slow but astonishing transformation has been unfolding since 2005. A 35-mile-long crack, known as the East African Rift, is gradually tearing through ...

The Ob, Yenisei, and Lena rivers flow into the Kara and Laptev seas and account for about half of the total freshwater runoff to the Arctic Ocean. The transport and transformation of freshwater ...

Deserts are notoriously dry, so why do so many of them border oceans?

Scientists have discovered giant mud waves buried deep below the Atlantic Ocean around 250 miles off the coast of Guinea-Bissau, a country in west Africa. Made of mud and sand, these massive ...