The master equation is a type of PDE whose state variable involves the distribution of certain underlying state process. It is a powerful tool for studying the limit behavior of large interacting ...

In feedback systems loop gain, open loop gain, and closed loop gain are all concepts that are important to understand. The transfer function for closed loop gain is: The quantity A is known as the ...

Geothermal energy now stands out as a reliable, low-carbon solution in the transition to a balanced energy mix. While conventional geothermal systems rely on specific geological conditions, such as ...

Shifting to battery-powered vehicles is an essential step in tackling climate change, but it's also creating worryingly large amounts of e-waste and demand for environmentally damaging mining. A new ...